Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 4-12

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TURYSTYKA GÓRSKA W ŚWIADOMOŚCI MŁODYCH WROCŁAWIAN A STRATEGICZNE MODELE ZARZĄDZANIA SUBREGIONAMI DOLNEGO ŚLĄSKA

Jolanta Barbara Jabłonkowska

Mountaineering in Wroclaw young inhabitants awareness and strategic models of Lower Silesian subregions managing
Background. Lower Silesia is an unique region because of the relief and other features that promote the mountaineering. Using the wealth of mountains chains and directing them towards the tourism and recreation can affect the economic development of the whole province. For this purpose e. g. the tourist field managing strategies were created for all regions of Lower Silesia. For mountaineering the most important are: Karkonosze Mountains, Izery Mountains, Ślęża Mountain, Sowia Mountain Subregion, Kaczawy Foothills, Wałbrzych Area Sudety. There is an emphasis in the strategic models to obtain the so-called ‘local’ tourists from Wroclaw Agglomeration. Material and methods. There were the questions put in the research that concerned Wroclaw inhabitants’ interest in mountaineering and in their activity in Lower Silesian mountains. There were some questions checking the knowledge concerning wealthy of mountains in Lower Silesia. People in age 18–30, registered in Wroclaw were the respondents. For this research the questionnaire was used and conducted directly in four contact places in Wroclaw. Conclusions. The research results let point that it is necessary for enhancement promotion activities included in regional strategies to direct young people activity towards the values connected with physical culture in the mountains environment. A young Lower Silesia capital city inhabitant is not interested in the regional tourist product. Only 8% of the examined cultivates the mountaineering but not in Lower Silesia mountain chains. The lack of interest in mountains is connected with the low level knowledge of the rich qualities of Lower Silesia. The obligate changes must be done in a youth hierarchy of value and creating it by e.g. Lower Silesian mountaineering ‘style’.
Key words: mountaineering, Wroclaw young inhabitants, Lower Silesia subregions, knowledge of mountain environment, activity
Słowa kluczowe: turystyka górska, młodzi wrocławianie, subregiony Dolnego Śląska, wiedza o środowisku górskim, aktywność

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 13-21

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Uczestnictwo POLAKÓW W KRAJOWYCH I ZAGRANICZNYCH WYJAZDACH TURYSTYCZNYCH i ich kierunki

Małgorzata Luberda

Participation and directions of Poles in demestic and foreign tourism
Holiday or tourist trips are gradually becoming part of the lifestyle of more and more Poles. The statement can be based on both research results on the trips accomplished, and declarations concerning future plans. However, those who travelled outside their place of permanent residence in 2012 still constituted the minority of the adult population. In 2012, as in the previous years, Poles most often practised domestic tourism (40% of the population); 15% of the Polish population rested abroad. Those who went to foreign countries most often chose European directions, especially Germany. Key words: tourist activity, domestic tourism, international tourism, tourist trips, tourist travels
Słowa kluczowe: aktywność turystyczna, turystyka krajowa, turystyka międzynarodowa, wyjazdy turystyczne, podróże turystyczne

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 22-31

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MAŁOPOLSKA DROGA ŚW. JAKUBA – GENEZA, ROZWÓJ, NOWE WYZWANIA I PERSPEKTYWY

Franciszek Mróz

Małopolska Way of Saint James – origin, development, new challenges and prospects
Małopolska Way of Saint James – origin, development, new challenges and prospects The Way of Saint James is the world’s longest marked Christian pilgrimage route, as well as the first European Cultural Route. The Małopolska Way of Saint James constitutes one of the 25 Camino de Santiago sections currently operating in Poland. The trail refers to a medieval trade route which used to lead along the edge of the Vistula river valley from Sandomierz to Kraków. The route was one of the branches of the so-called Ruthenian route, leading from Polesie and Ruthenia to the capital of the Crown and to Silesia. The first section of the Małopolska Way of Saint James (Pałecznica – Więcławice Stare – Kraków) was opened on 25 October 2008. The whole section of the trail, from Sandomierz to Szczyrk (317 km), was marked during the following years. There are ten Churches of St James on the route: in Sandomierz, Kotuszów, Szczaworyż, Probołowice, Pałecznica, Niegardów, Więcławice Stare, Sanka, Palczowice, and Szczyrk. The presented study includes an analysis of tourist and pilgrimage traffic on the Małopolska Way of Saint James. A purpose of the paper was also to summarise the activities and projects connected with the creation and development of this stretch of Camino de Santiago in Poland. Other objectives serving further popularisation of the route have been indicated, as well.
Key words: Camino de Santiago, the Way of St. James, Santiago de Compostela, religious tourism, pilgrimages, sanctuary
Słowa kluczowe: Camino de Santiago, Droga św. Jakuba, Santiago de Compostela, turystyka religijna, pielgrzymki, sanktuarium

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 32-46

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MASYW MONTSERRAT W KATALONII JAKO OBSZAR TURYSTYCZNY

Hanna Prószyńska-Bordas

The Montserrat Massif in Catalonia as a tourist destination
The paper analyses the tourism resources in the Massif of Montserrat, located near the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) and protected as a natural park. The area is characterized by favorable conditions for pilgrimage and spiritual retreats as well as for various forms of physical and intellectual leisure activities. The landscapes created by the surreal rock formations with the unique plant communities protected as a natural park are the “magnet” for tourists. The Montserrat Abbey dedicated to the Holy Virgin is one of the oldest centers of the Benedictine spirituality in Europe, expanding its mission of integration of the faith and culture in society, favoring the strengthening of the Catalan national identity based on the Christian roots. Pilgrimage traditions have been revived and the tourist offer has been adapted to the profile of the modern visitor. The infrastructure embraces a developed system of tourist facilities, excellent road and public transport and a good network of hiking trails. The integration of the nature tourism and cultural tourism is being achieved by the sustainable management of the area through the collaboration of local authorities and stakeholders.
Key words: tourist destination, tourism resources, religious tourism, shrine, tourism infrastructure
Słowa kluczowe: ośrodki turystyczne, walory turystyczne, turystyka religijna, sanktuarium, zagospodarowanie turystyczne

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 47-57

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Profesjolekt branży turystycznej, czyli o specyficznych cechach zawodowego języka turystyki

Julia Murrmann

The professiolect of tourism industry. Specificity of the professional language of tourism
While economists, sociologists, geographers, psychologists and anthropologists have been systematically and successfully investigating many aspects of tourism for many years already, only recently there has been a growing awareness of the sociolinguistic nature of tourism and several linguists decided to remedy the deficiency. The paper is dedicated to an in-depth treatment of one particular dimension of the more complex language of tourism, namely to the professiolect of tourism industry. The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the major characteristics, including terms, expressions and textual traits of the professional language of tourism coined and used by staff and experts specializing in creation of tourism products and in management of the travelers’ flows and tourist accommodation establishments. The research findings show that there are several characteristic features of the tourist professiolect, among which frequent linguistic borrowings from other languages, mainly English, neologisms, semantic extensions, nominal style, abbreviations and acronyms.
Key words: professiolect, tourism, language, sociolinguistics
Słowa kluczowe: profesjolekt, turystyka, język, socjolingwistyka

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 58-69

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PRAWNA REGULACJA OCHRONY KONSUMENTA W SFERZE USŁUG TURYSTYCZNYCH – CZY POTRZEBNE SĄ ZMIANY?

Wojciech Robaczyński

Legal regulations concerning tourist services consumer protection – are changes needed?
The aim of this article is to present the analysis of chosen legal solutions concerning consumer protection in the touristic services market. The author tries to answer the questions if the actual status in this field is adequate to the needs of tourism market or there is a need of further changes. The main subject matter are civil law’s issues, especially those referring to contractual liability, it means liability for non-performance or improper performance of a contract – on the bases of both Polish civil code and tourist services act (for example compensation for wasted holiday). Contract content issues are also being considered, especially matters of abusive clauses. Part of the contemplation concerns terminological issues. The author claims that consumer protection act, that will apply from the 25th of December 2014, will not influence sphere of tourist services, because of its exclusion in this area. This exclusion is also included in an EU directive 2011/83 from 25th of October 2011. However, a new directive, which will replace a current one 90/314 from 13th of June 1990, can be of a vital significance. The directive will include some legal solutions that have not been regulated. In the author’s opinion, introducing new directive will not mean that a new tourist services acts will have to be enacted. The author believes that it is enough to amend an actual act from the 29th of August 1997, especially because the so far existing solutions of the Polish law concerning tourist agency’s client protection is to be acknowledged as sufficient.
Key words: tourist services act, package travel directive, consumer protection, compensation for wasted holiday
Słowa kluczowe: ustawa o usługach turystycznych, dyrektywa turystyczna, ochrona konsumenta, odszkodowanie za zmarnowany urlop

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 70-79

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MOTYWACJA WEWNĘTRZNA, ZEWNĘTRZNA I AMOTYWACJA NA STUDIACH W OBSZARZE KULTURY FIZYCZNEJ

Agnieszka Ardeńska, Rajmund Tomik

Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation among students of physical culture
Background. The research based on Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory which applies intrinsic motivation and amotivation. Material and methods. The study is based on the outcomes of the survey questionnaire completed by 587 students (334 females and 253 males) of the Academy of Physical Education in Katowice who study tourism and recreation, physical education, sport management and tourism management. The used research tool was the Academic Motivation Scale by Vallerand, Pelletier and others. Results and conclusions. The analysis found that there were significant differences between females and males in extrinsic motivation and amotivation. Statistically significant differences in motivation factors were found between students doing different courses. There is a positive correlation between motivation factors in the group of intrinsic motivation and a negative correlation between all the motivation factors and amotivation.
Key words: motivation, studies, physical culture
Słowa kluczowe: motywacja, studia, kultura fizyczna

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 80-88

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Lokalni liderzy sportu – działalność i rola w kreowaniu wizerunku miasta Biała Podlaska

Grzegorz Godlewski, Anna Bodasińska, Sławomir Bodasiński

Local sports leaders – their activity and role in creating the image of the town of Biala Podlaska
Background. The basic tasks of physical culture associations, institutions or local government units include, among others, supporting physical culture activities. With proper funding and human factors’ involvement, they can become a significant element in creating a positive image of a town. Objective. The main objective of this study was to collect information concerning the sports image of Biała Podlaska as well as the involvement of local sports leaders in its development. Material and methods. The research covered a specially selected group of respondents – athletes, coaches, sports clubs authorities, local government representatives, and sports journalists. The study was conducted with the use of a structured interview questionnaire containing 15 questions. Results. The appraisal given to local leaders by the respondents leaves no room for illusions – a great majority of them are ineffective (60%) or partly effective (30%). Sports initiatives taken by the leaders were assessed in a similar way; 80% of the respondents perceive them as insufficient. Therefore, more than a half of the respondents are in favour of establishing a single organization with a leading position concerning sport in the town. Conclusions. The discussed issues seem to be crucial as they may contribute to bringing favourable changes in the approach of the local sports leaders to creating the image of the town.
Key words: sports leaders, sports product, image of the town
Słowa kluczowe: liderzy sportu, produkt sportowy, wizerunek miasta

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 89-99

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KOMPETENCJE ZAWODOWE INSTRUKTORÓW SNOWBOARDU SITS

Piotr Kunysz, Izabela Sabak, Piotr Zarzycki

Professional competence of snowboard instructors affiliated with SITS
Background. The aim of this paper was to show the level of competences of instructors affiliated with SITS (Association of snowboard instructors and coaches). The process of teaching snowboard instructors has changed due to the fact that demands of the job have increased. Material and methods. The thorough analysis of the issue was based on the research material collected among snowboarders who were participants of technical courses in winter season 2013/2014 (154 people, Kaunertal – Austria). The research method was a survey. Results and conclusions. Participants in the training courses positively assessed professional competence of snowboard instructors with whom they worked. This proves the instructors had a good preparation in both substantive and pedagogical knowledge. Key competencies that determine the success of snowboard training, according to the respondents, were communication skills. Respondents almost explicitly admitted that the highest value is the communication between the instructor and learner.
Key words: snowboard, competence, teaching, instructor, winter sports
Słowa kluczowe: snowboard, kompetencje, nauczanie, instruktor, sporty zimowe

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 100-107

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INFRASTRUKTURALNE, EKONOMICZNE I PSYCHOLOGICZNE UWARUNKOWANIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA W NARCIARSTWIE ZJAZDOWYM MŁODZIEŻY

Małgorzata Pasławska, Beata Wojtyczek, Aleksandra Czerw

Infrastructural, economic and psychological conditions vs. safety of young alpine skiers
Background. The fundamental aim was to analyze determinants of safety in downhill skiing. Material and methods. The level of thrill-seeking inclination was measured using the Polish version of Zuckerman’s Interest and Preference Test. The study involved 282 young people (aged 13–16). They were divided into 2 control groups (CN – no sport, CS – other sports) and one experimental group E – alpine skiing. Infrastructural and economic determinants were evaluated on the basis of an analysis of current literature. Results. The analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between the means of the evaluated parameters in the studied groups, with one exception in scale I, where group E was significantly different from group CN. On a standardized 1–10 (sten) scale, the studied youth had results ranging from 5 to 7 stens. Only on the Decisional Involvement Scale, all the girls achieved 8 stens. 71% of young skiers declared that they preferred fast skiing. Conclusions. 1. Bravado, risk-taking and speeding should be eliminated by appropriate professional training. 2. In the top risk group there are mostly children preferring excessive speed and difficult routes. 3. The level of preparation of routes is correlated with the number of accidents. 4. Because of high accident rate, specialist insurance is necessary.
Key words: alpine skiing, youth, thrill-seeking, risk, infrastructure, insurance
Słowa kluczowe: narciarstwo zjazdowe, młodzież, poszukiwanie wrażeń, zagrożenia, infrastruktura, ubezpieczenia

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 108-116

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Zachowania prozdrowotne i poczucie koherencji osób późnej dorosłości objętych wsparciem społecznym instytucji edukacyjnej w obszarze kultury fizycznej

Ryszard Bartoszewicz, Krzysztof Gandziarski, Marta Lewandowska, Kinga Szymańska

Healthy behavior and sense of coherence of late adulthood covered by social support educational institution in the field of physical culture Background. The study is an attempt to determine the consequences of attending a university of the third age at a college of physical education, seen as a form of social support for healthy behaviors and the state of coherence of the elderly. Material and methods. The study involved 30 students of the University of the Third Age at the University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw and the control group of 30 people who do not use any form of structural social support. The average age of the respondents in the groups was approximately 65 and 67 years, respectively. The study was conducted in late 2013 or early 2014 using a health behavior questionnaire of our own design and Aaron Antonovsky’s SOC 29 questionnaire to assess the sense of coherence. Results and conclusions. It was found that the results of the survey carried out in both groups indicate that structural social support of an educational institution of physical culture differentiates positively the health behaviors and sense of coherence of respondents in late adulthood.
Key words: health, health behaviors, physical activity, physical fitness, sense of coherence, social support, late adulthood
Słowa kluczowe: zdrowie, zachowania prozdrowotne, aktywność ruchowa, sprawność fizyczna, poczucie koherencji, wsparcie społeczne, późna dorosłość

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 117-123

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Aktywność ruchowa osób niepełnosprawnych objętych wsparciem społecznym

Ryszard Bartoszewicz, Natalia Nahajowska, Krzysztof Gandziarski

Physical activity of people with disabilities included in institutional support programs – based on selected social settings in Wroclaw
Background. The study is an attempt to assess the level of physical activity of people with disabilities included in structural social support programs offered by institutions involved in propagating physical culture. Material and methods. The study included 72 people (34 women and 38 men) who are members of the two organizations in Wroclaw – Disabled Supporters Club and the Start Association. The majority of respondents (58%) had different types of motor disorders, while the others had visual or hearing impairments or mental disorders. The study was conducted in autumn 2013 using a diagnostic survey and the standardized questionnaire called “Interests in the area of physical activity.” Results and conclusions. On the basis of the results, it was possible to show a positive role of institutional social support in motor activation of the subjects.
Key words: health, healthy behaviors, physical activity, social support, people with disabilities
Słowa kluczowe: zdrowie, zachowania prozdrowotne, aktywność ruchowa, wsparcie społeczne, osoby niepełnosprawne

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 124-130

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Motywy podejmowania aktywności fizycznej przez mieszkańców Elbląga

Jacek Olszewski-Strzyżowski, Remigiusz Dróżdż

Motives for physical activity involvement of inhabitants of Elbląg
Background. The aim of this study was to ascertain the reasons for physical activity involvement of inhabitants of Elbląg, where the unemployment rate is the highest in Poland. The study was preceded by a review of the concept of physical activity and the impact of physical activity on our health. Motivation behind people’s involvement in physical activity is diverse and is determined by many factors: gender, age, social and health experience, economic status, current lifestyle and current state of health. Young people are inspired by other motives than the older (although they may be similar). Regardless of the motive, the participant’s physical activity always produces beneficial health effects. Active people are healthier, physically fit, and in good shape. Material and methods. The study included 60 persons (30 women and 30 men). A diagnostic survey was the research method. Results. Surveyed residents of Elbląg undertake physical activity on the grounds: the improvement of well-being, attention to physical fitness and health, and enjoyment of physical activity. To the least important motives they passed the pleasure of physical activity, and fashion. The majority of respondents, regardless of age, undertook physical activity at the same frequency. People often take the education of physical activity than those who are less educated. Conclusions. The essence of the physical activity and recreation is that every person can do it regardless of age, economic status, weather conditions, and the place of residence. Inhabitants of Elblag indicate a variety of motives behind their choice of physical activity.
Key words: education, physical fitness, sports activity, recreation
Słowa kluczowe: edukacja, aktywność fizyczna, rekreacja, motywy

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Rozprawy Naukowe 47 - 2014, 131-139

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Znaczenie koordynacji ruchów ręki w kształtowaniu umiejętności grafomotorycznych u dzieci w wieku 6–7 lat

Joanna Grzesiak, Małgorzata Naskręt, Michał Bronikowski

The importance of coordination of hand movements in development of graphomotor skills in children aged 6–7 years
Background. The abilities to maintain control of a particular body position, coordination and fluidity of movements are important factors in acquiring new skills during school education. Material and methods. The experimental group consisted of 25 students aged 6–7 years attending the first grade of a primary school in Poznań. We used standardized tests of graphomotor efficiency in children to assess the level and velocity of writing and measure velocity of hand movements. Results. Children aged 6 are faster in following the graphic letter symbols then their older classmates, however, older pupils present a higher graphic quality of the symbols. A significant positive correlation between the speed of hand movements and the rate of graphomotor movements was noticed in younger children, but not in older ones. Conclusions. The level of fine motor skills is different in the six-year-olds and seven-year-olds. This has to be taken into consideration in the developmental process and acquisition of new motor skills.
Key words: writing skills, elementary school, graphomotor, children
Słowa kluczowe: umiejętności pisania, szkoła podstawowa, grafomotoryka, dzieci

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