Rozprawy Naukowe 43 - 2013, 4-11

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Kult męskości. Tradycja Virdżiny w społeczności albańskiej Zadruga w aspekcie prawa Kanun

Lidia Pac-Pomarnacka

The cult of masculinity. The sworn virgin tradition in the zadruga community in Albania with respect to the Kanun law
Sworn Virgin is a girl that becomes a boy. In the zadruga community in Albania it is a phenomenon that dates 500 years back. A woman decides to live like a man (fulfills his duties), wears man’s clothes and cuts her hair short. The fact that she smokes cigarettes meets social acceptability. The zadruga community members treat her equally to other men, despite the fact that they know her sex. She resigns from her own femininity, changes her physical appearance and behaviour in order to fulfill a new social role. The purposes may vary: it may be her rebellion against arranged marriage (tradition adhering to the Kanun law), accepting the role of the head of a family when the oldest, most experienced male figure in the family dies leaving no male descendants. The status of a woman in the zadruga community is much lower than that of a man – this is a common reason for swearing-in. The Balkan Virdżina phenomenon of an anatomical woman who assimilates her physical appearance to that of a man is the example of living tradition in Albania and the reason for my deliberations on the cult of the body.

Keywords: sworn virgin, the zadruga community, Albania, social role, the Kanun law, living tradition, cult of masculinity
Słowa kluczowe: zaprzysiężona dziewica, społeczność zadrugi, Albania, rola społeczna, prawo Kanun, żywa tradycja, kult męskości

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Rozprawy Naukowe 43 - 2013, 12-21

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Styl życia a kompetencje emisyjne głosu studentek wychowania fizycznego i edukacji wczesnoszkolnej

Marta Radwańska

The relation between lifestyle and voice emission competence in physical education and early childhood education students
Introduction. The subject of the study is voice emission competence of female students who are teachers – to – be of two different faculties: Physical Education and Pedagogy. The aim of the study is to examine the relation between lifestyle, including physical activity, and voice emission competence - taking into account the sense of voice handicap – of students who are preparing for teaching career in physical education and early childhood education. Materials and methods. The study comprised 176 female students. The following research tools were used: Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Health Beliefs Scale (SPZ – HF/BM), Life Orientation Questionnaire (SOC -29), I-E Rotter’s Scale and the survey Students’ Lifestyle. Results. On the basis of VHI study we can conclude that the overall assessment of voice handicap is satisfactory. To a large extent, it was influenced by healthy behaviour and factors which support them. Findings. There is a relation between one’s lifestyle and voice emission difficulties. The students of Physical Education, participating in physical activity programmes have better vocal predisposition. They also display the highest level of healthy behaviour. The students of pedagogy experience slight voice handicap. The PhD students who are professionally voice – active experience the biggest voice handicap. With time and with inappropriate work of vocal apparatus, the real threats increase and can make the voice – active work of a teacher impossible.

Key words: lifestyle, voice emission competence
Słowa kluczowe: styl życia, kompetencje emisyjne głosu

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Rozprawy Naukowe 43 - 2013, 22-28

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Zachowania zdrowotne oraz postawa wobec zdrowia kobiet aktywnych fizycznie

Anna Kaczyńska-Witkowska, Dorota Kopeć, Zbigniew Nowak

Health-related behavior and health attitudes among physically active women
Background. Average lifespan is increasing. In order to maintain good quality of life foryears, we should be aware that everyone is responsible for their own health. The aim of this study was to determine health-related behavior among examined women and to establish how they understand the concept of health. Material and methods. The research comprised 66 women over the age of 55. The two questionnaires: Health Behavior Inventory and Health Criteria List were used. Results. Health-related behavior of the women in question can be viewed as typical. Preventive behavior prevails, however, it does not dominate other ones. Respondents most often understand health as having all parts of the body working well. Conclusions. Respondents should boost their health-related behavior. They are not particular about any kind of health–related behavior and have instrumental approach to health, but they take care of it.

Key words: health-related behavior, the value of health, women
Słowa kluczowe: zachowania zdrowotne, zdrowie, kobieta

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Rozprawy Naukowe 43 - 2013, 29-38

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ZAINTERESOWANIE AKTYWNOŚCIĄ RUCHOWĄ UCZNIÓW WYBRANYCH LICEÓW OGÓLNOKSZTAŁCĄCYCH WE WROCŁAWIU

Sara Wawrzyniak, Andrzej Rokita, Marcin Ściślak

The Wrocław secondary school students’ interest in physical activity
Background. The decrease of active participation and students` reluctance to physical education have prompted research on students’ interests in physical activity. The implementation of physical education to curriculum in 2009 was to improve the existing situation: low attractiveness of physical education at school. The program requires physical education classes to be taught according to students’ interests. The aim of our study was to examine the interest in physical activity of the students from selected secondary schools in Wroclaw. Material and methods. The study comprised 197 students (112 girls and 85 boys) from 2 secondary schools in Wrocław. A diagnostic opinion poll and standardized survey questionnaire “Students’ interest in physical activity” were used. Results. The research proved that most of the students were interested in swimming, dancing and sport games. Among girls the most popular were dancing, swimming and skiing, while boys were interested in sport games, motor sports, swimming and martial arts. Conclusion. The results showed that physical education classes in secondary schools should include the most popular forms of students’ physical activity. Secondary schools should examine the students’ interests in physical activity and incorporate the most popular sport disciplines into physical activity classes.

Key words: interests, physical activity, physical education, secondary school students
Słowa kluczowe: zainteresowania, aktywność fizyczna, wychowanie fizyczne, licealiści

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Rozprawy Naukowe 43 - 2013, 39-45

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ZAJĘCIA RUCHOWE Z PIŁKAMI EDUKACYJNYMI „EDUBAL” A UMIEJĘTNOŚĆ UTRZYMANIA PISMA W LINIATURZE PRZEZ UCZNIÓW KLASY I SZKOŁY PODSTAWOWEJ

Andrzej Rokita, Sara Wawrzyniak, Marta Mędrek

Movement classes with the use of the educational balls “edubal” and the ability to write in lines in 1st grade students of elementary school
Background. The aim of the study is to verify relations between movement classes with the use of the educational balls “edubal” and the ability to write in lines in 1st grade students of elementary school. Material and methods. The study diagnosed 43 students (23 girls and 20 boys) from elementary school in Czarny Bór. Data were collected by means of a pedagogical experiment carried out with parallel group technique (experimental and control group). The experimental factor was the program of physical activity classes integrated with teaching program in elementary school. The experimental group used the education balls “edubal” twice a week for 45 minutes. At the beginning and at the end of the school year “The pedagogical method of examination of reading and writing skills for grades I–III of primary school” by Straburzyńska and Śliwińska was used to evaluate students’ writing skills. Results. The research proved that the students from the experimental group significantly improved their writing skills and achieved better results than those from the control group. Girls made less mistakes than boys. Conclusion . The physical activities with the use of the educational balls “edubal” improve the elementary school students’ ability to write in lines. There are differences in the students’ writing skills performance based on sex.

Key words: educational balls “edubal”, elementary school, writing skills
Słowa kluczowe: piłki edukacyjne „edubal”, szkoła podstawowa, umiejętność pisania

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Rozprawy Naukowe 43 - 2013, 46-56

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ORIENTACJA CZASOWO-PRZESTRZENNA UCZNIÓW ZE SPECYFICZNYMI TRUDNOŚCIAMI W UCZENIU SIĘ

Damian Pawlik, Andrzej Rokita, Ireneusz Cichy

Time-space orientation in students with specific learning difficulties
Background. Time-space orientation is one of the specific coordination motor abilities. To a large extent, it is genetically conditioned by neurosensory and psychic abilities. Time-space orientation has significant impact on adaptation to rooms of various sizes, perception of obstacles, identifying space patterns, objects and distance. The purpose of this study was to compare level of time-space orientation of students with specific learning difficulties such as dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia with their peers (without learning disabilities). Material and methods. The research sample included 40 third grade students of two primary schools (18 students from Therapeutic Primary School No. 11 and 22 students from Primary School No. 15 in Wroclaw). In order to determine the level of time-space orientation, a modified Reactive Shuttle Drill test and the research tool Smart Speed System, (similar to that described by Ljach – “run for a ball”, 2003) were used. Results. students (both boys and girls) without any learning disabilities obtained better results. They were not statistically significant. When comparing boys’ and girls’ results, those of statistical significance appeared only in the second test.

Key words: dyslexia, coordination motor abilities, time-space orientation, school age, children
Słowa kluczowe: dysleksja, koordynacyjne zdolności motoryczne, orientacja czasowo-przestrzenna, wiek szkolny, dzieci

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Rozprawy Naukowe 43 - 2013, 57-65

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Ocena sprawności współdziałania graczy w tworzeniu sytuacji do zdobycia bramki (na przykładzie gry piłkarzy nożnych w rozgrywkach Ligi Mistrzów i Ligi Europejskiej)

Henryk Duda, Grzegorz Jakubiszyn, Jerzy Brzyski

The evaluation of effectiveness of players’ cooperation in creating situations to score on the example of the football players’ performances in UEFA Champions League and Europe League
The important aspect of effective teaching of sport games is the use of such forms of teaching that accurately reflect real environment of a player in natural conditions of this game. Therefore, a need appears for an accurate diagnosis of competition conditions in action sport game. The aim of the study was to observe offensive group actions (assessment of synergies) creating situations to score. Football players` performances were observed in 45 games including UEFA Champions League and Europe League. Their actions were observed in the following situations: certain, uncertain and risky. The following conclusions can be drawn from the obtained results: 1. A high level of synergy dominates when the highest purposes of attacking are involved. 2. A high level of synergy increases with the difficulty of situational tasks. 3. Because of multi-subjective nature of a team game, the training process of a player should also affect his mental sphere.

Key words: monitoring, assessment of a game, synergy, knowledge of a game
Słowa kluczowe: monitoring, ocena gry, synergia, znajomość gry

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Rozprawy Naukowe 43 - 2013, 66-72

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Charakterystyka rodzaju i częstotliwości występowania urazów u zawodników trenujących biegi krótkie

Ewa Brzozowska

Characteristics of the kind and frequency of injuries in short-distance runners
Background. Today’s sport training resembles balancing on the edge between achieving high effort capacity and overtraining. Such overtraining may result in injuries of athletes’ motor system. The aim of the study was to characterize possible injuries occurring in athletes who practice short runs and to describe how these injuries are treated. Materials and methods. The study comprised 113 professional athletes (101 women and 53 men) practicing short runs. Mean age of an athlete was 22,3. The data were collected by means of the questionnaire designed by the authors for this study. Statistical data analysis was performed. Results. Investigation showed that as many as the 87,4% of respondents had some injury. Most of them were injuries of muscles, tendons and ligaments. The athletes often mentioned inappropriate warming up and too burdensome exercises as a direct cause of injury. Most of the respondents indicated a rest from training as the best treatment. A relation was observed between time devoted to weekly practice and the number of injuries (p = 0,82) as well as training experience and the number of injuries (p = 0,64) in the group of injured athletes. Conclusions. Athletics is a traumatic sport discipline. Injuries were most frequently located in lower limbs. The following elements are crucial in prevention of injuries: appropriate warming-up and appropriate intensity of training.

Key words: sport injuries, athletics, sport medicine
Słowa kluczowe: kontuzje, lekkoatletyka, medycyna sportowa

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