Rozprawy Naukowe 44 - 2014, 3-20

DOI:

Sport jako utopia konkursu równych szans

Andrzej Pawłucki

Sport as utopian equality of competitive opportunity
The paper presents a causal model of a utopian vision of sport which explains – in regressive model, i.e. going back to the original, metaphysical premises – key reasons (X) of its fulfillment. The recent cases of breaking the rule of ontological equality by sprinters or swimmers, which violates the standard of decency in personal life, show how easy it is to produce a state of dystopia. The regression model applied here demonstrates that the referee elders determine the success of sports utopia as a variant of social utopia. They are capable of authoritatively managing the good of sports family. There must be a reason why sports community is called a family. Is it not a utopian task to persevere in family relationships, which are somehow difficult but ultimately feasible. Although children are the future and hope of the family, which also regards a “sports family”, it is not the children but its adult members, able to take responsibility for the common good, who keep order in the family and give sense to all its actions. Similarly, a good execution of competition within a sports family which is aimed at reaching the fulfillment of the family’s ideal, is possible only if the following referees are employed to supervise its execution: a) category referees – responsible for equal gender and somatic shares, b) classification referees – responsible for ontological equality of male and female ascetics attending the gymnasium, c) referee debunkers – indicate ontological inequality of dopers, d) referee moderators – responsible for moral equality of male and female competitors. If it was not for the referee elders who force authoritatively athletes to march in formation of moral and ontological equality, in no way diminishing the role of athletes themselves in creating a fair competition, it can be assumed that athlete with their spirit of freedom, relativism, individuality and egoism would not be up to this humanistic task.

Key words: sport, sports justice, fair play, moral relativism
Słowa kluczowe: sport, sprawiedliwość sportowa, moralność fair play, moralny relatywizm

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Rozprawy Naukowe 44 - 2014, 21-31

DOI:

rola tradycji i turystyki regionalnej w kształtowaniu się tożsamości lokalnych

Joanna Femiak, Piotr Rymarczyk

An attempt to define the role of tradition and regional tourism in shaping local identities
Globalization, paradoxically, often entails revival of local communities. It does not mean, however, coming back to local tradition in its unmodified forms because it is subject to social reconstruction, which exposes it to the risk of changing into a commercial mass culture product. Authentic tradition can only survive when it is supported by spontaneous activities of small groups. The quest for a local identity can be considerably favoured by development of local tourism, which is not so commercialised as other forms of tourist activity. Hence it provides better opportunities to get to know the culture and social life of visited places. Local tourism can become an experience which, in the face of globalisation, constructs identities of local communities. Integrated local communities, being aware of their roots and history, can, on the one hand, open for the changes brought by globalization and, on the other hand, protect their heritage.

Key words: local tourism, globalization, localization
Słowa kluczowe: turystyka lokalna, globalizacja, glokalizacja

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